Global entrepreneurship as an object of interdisciplinary researches

Науковий вісник Полісся № 3 (11), ч. 2, 2017 Scientific bulletin of Polissia № 3 (11), Р. 2, 2017
МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ
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Strelnyk S. O. Global entrepreneurship as an object of interdisciplinary
researches
UDC 338.22.012.61-022.56(100):303.4 УДК 338.22.012.61-022.56(100):303.4
S. O. Strelnyk, Candidate of Economic
Sciences
С. О. Стрельник, к. е. н.
GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN
OBJECT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCHES
ГЛОБАЛЬНЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ
МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Urgency of the research. Global enterprises take the
leading position in the international trade nowadays and rapidly expand their activity around the world.
Target setting. The process of formation and development of global entrepreneurship is a relatively new term in the
global economy, insufficiently researched in a theoretical and
methodological sense.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The
scientific works of such scholars as M. Rennie, T. Madsen and
Serveys P., Mackauli A. Knight G., Cavusgil S., Acs S., Armington S., Delgado M. and others deal with the global entrepreneurship development.
Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The
scientists have not yet sufficiently developed the interdisciplinary potential of global entrepreneurship.
The research objective. The article aims to structure the
interdisciplinary essence of global entrepreneurship by identifying the relationship of various aspects of the entrepreneurship theory and international business.
The statement of basic materials. The article addresses
the nature of global entrepreneurship as a multidisciplinary
term, which was included in different aspects of entrepreneurship and international business theories. The author has defined the elements of global entrepreneurship in the studies of
XX century and investigated the entrepreneurship activity from
the point of view of international business. The potential new
horizons for the research of these themes are defined.
Conclusions. The process of global entrepreneurship requires not only organizational, economic, social and employment assessment, measurement and interpretation, but also
socio-cultural and philosophical thinking. Further scientific
study of this process should be built on synthesis of research
on entrepreneurship and international business that includes
interdisciplinary and mutual methodological principles. This
approach will promote a holistic, systemic vision of problems
and contradictions of global entrepreneurship.
Актуальність теми дослідження. Сьогодні в системі міжнародної торгівлі лідирують глобальні підприємства, які стрімко розвиваються по всьому світу.
Постановка проблеми. Процес становлення і розвитку глобального підприємництва є відносно новим
явищем у світовій економіці, недостатньо дослідженим в
теоретичному та методологічному сенсі.
Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Наукові
праці таких вчених, як Ренні М., Мaдсен Т. та Сервейс П.,
Макаулі А., Кнайт Г., Кавусгіл С., Акс С., Армінгтон С.,
Дельгадо М. та інші мали справу з глобальним досвідом
розвитку підприємств.
Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Науковцями ще недостатньо опрацьовані питання міждисциплінарного потенціалу глобального
підприємництва.
Постановка завдання. Стаття покликана обґрунтувати міждисциплінарний характер глобального
підприємництва, шляхом виявлення взаємозв’язків різних
аспектів теорій підприємництва та міжнародного бізнесу.
Виклад основного матеріалу. У статті розглядається природа глобального підприємництва як багатоаспектного явища, формування якого знаходиться на
перетині складних взаємозв’язків різних аспектів теорій
підприємництва та міжнародного бізнесу. Автором
визначаються елементи глобального підприємництва у
підприємницьких вченнях ХХ століття та досліджуються підприємницька діяльність з точки зору міжнародного
бізнесу. Відзначаються потенційні нові горизонти для
інтеграції цих напрямів.
Висновки. Процес глобального підприємництва потребує не тільки організаційно-економічного, соціальнотрудового оцінювання, виміру та інтерпретації, а також
соціокультурного та філософського мислення. Подальші
наукові обґрунтування цього явища мають будуватися
на синтезі наукових досліджень з підприємництва та
міжнародного бізнесу, який передбачає взаємопроникнення та взаємозбагачення методологічних принципів. Такий підхід буде сприяти формуванню цілісного, системного бачення проблем і суперечностей розвитку глобального підприємництва.
Keywords: global entrepreneurship; international business; interdisciplinary approach; multinational corporations.
Ключові слова: глобальне підприємництво; міжнародний бізнес; міждисциплінарний підхід; багатонаціональні корпорації.
DOI: 10.25140/2410-9576-2017-2-3(11)-172-176
Urgency of the research. Starting from the end of the ХХ and the beginning of the ХХІ century a
traditional view of the leading international forms of doing business varies. Nowadays global enterprises that develop swiftly all over the world lead in the system of international trade. They conduct the
activity in an intensive global environment and attend the domestic market insignificantly.
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Strelnyk S. O. Global entrepreneurship as an object of interdisciplinary
researches
Target setting. The process of formation and development of global entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon in the global economy, which is not investigated in theoretical and methodological
sense thoroughly. Topical issue is scientific identification of the interdisciplinary character of this concept.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Historical background for the initiation and establishment of global entrepreneurship are covered in scientific papers of M. Rennie, T. Madsen, and
P. Serveys, A. Mackauli and others. Considerations of the factors that stimulate the development of
business on a global scale are investigated in the works of G. Knight and S. Cavusgil. Regional features of the enterprise were investigated by S. Acs, S. Armington, M. Delgado and E. Glaser.
Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The scientists have not sufficiently developed
the interdisciplinary potential of global entrepreneurship yet.
The research objective. The article aims to structure the interdisciplinary essence of global entrepreneurship by identifying the relationship of various aspects of the entrepreneurship theory and international business.
The statement of basic material. Investigation of global entrepreneurship is one of the rapidly
growing areas in the last two or three decades of interdisciplinary researches in the countries with developed market economies. Economists are not satisfied with the traditional approach to entrepreneurship as to the process of organizational registration of innovation, psychologists study the typical
signs of entrepreneurial personality, anthropologists conducts comparative researches of implanting
entrepreneurship into cultures and customs of different societies, sociologists are disturbed with a social context – network structures, norms and customs, motivational and other features of different entrepreneurial strategies. In foreign researches proper attention is given to all sources of knowledge
about entrepreneurship. This material, considered on the basis of the overall concept, is organically
included into as basic component of the researched phenomenon − global entrepreneurship.
Global entrepreneurship can be considered as synthesis of number of disciplines. Each of them is
an integral part and shows us the process from different sides. Within the approach, the research interests are primarily economics, management, marketing and international business − those their aspects that have a direct relation to the entrepreneurship, and, in conclusion, allow resolving theoretical
and practical tasks.
There exists an economic theory, that examines objective laws of economic processes and applied
economy, aimed at making of practical recommendations for certain activity. In foreign practice studying entrepreneurship is as an independent subject, there is so-called “Economics” − investigating people’s behavior in the process of production, distribution and consumption of material and intangible
goods in the conditions of limited resources. Thus, entrepreneurship draws and masters the description of the economic mechanism, the patterns of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption
of goods in the conditions of limited production resources and the necessity of rational choice for its
purposes. Marketing brings into business the forms and methods of studying the market, consumer
demand and supply of goods and services, gives advice on how to develop profitable goods, bring it to
the market and organize profitable selling. Management equips entrepreneurs with knowledge of enterprise management and its finances, teaches the methods of leadership and work with the staff, the
optimum use of the resources. Theory of management is also used for training on taking efficient decisions and forecasting of reasonable risk. Business itself includes the following sections in the discipline such as company description, its structure and management bodies, considers the economic
players, the participants and the environment of entrepreneurship, information about tax system, recommendations for an entrepreneur how to create his own business. International business gives an
idea about the types and forms of modern international business activities. Special attention is paid to
organization, management and technological policy of the multinational corporations.
Global entrepreneurship is a multiple-aspect phenomenon, the formation of which lies at the intersection of complex interconnections between various aspects of entrepreneurship and international
business theories [1]. Advanced research of global entrepreneurship can show new horizons for the
integration of these areas.
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The attitude to entrepreneurial studies from different disciplines to global entrepreneurship is evaluated in Tab. 1. These studies illustrate the most important aspects of entrepreneurship. The emphasis in modern literature is made on the international element of entrepreneurship and the role of networks, that proves the extreme urgency of this subject in the period of intensified globalization. It also
gives the opportunity to consolidate the entrepreneurship research, which has a long history of being,
to the modern international business.
Table 1
The phenomenon of global entrepreneurship in entrepreneurial studies of the twentieth century
Areas of science The main works Analytical focus Relation to global
entrepreneurship
Economic development (Subject
“Entrepreneurship
and economic
development ”
J. Schumpeter
(1934)
I. Kirzner (1973)
N. Leff (1978)
W. Baumol (1968)
-Entrepreneurship as a
process of creative destruction
-The entrepreneur as a destructive force that disturbs
balance
-Non-productive
entrepreneurship
-The nature of
entrepreneurship
-The definition of an
entrepreneur
-Historical features of
entrepreneurship
History,
Sociology,
Anthropology
(Subject “Entrepreneurship, historical aspects,
ethnicity)
P. Verbner (1999)
J. Wong (1999)
P. Sloan (1999)
P. Thornton (1999)
-The psychological and social aspects of entrepreneurship
-Ethnic entrepreneurship
-Social and institutional aspects of entrepreneurship
-The role of networking in
business
-Historical features of
entrepreneurship
Management
(Subject “Entrepreneurship and
small business”)
R. Macdougall
(1989)
R. MacDougall and
Ovìat (1996)
T. Brush (1995)
I. Moon and J. Perry
(1997)
-The formation and development of small business
-Technological innovation
and international expansion
of small enterprises
-Strategic development of
the international enterprises
-Entrepreneurial values
-International aspects of
business activities
Strategic management (Subject
“International
business”)
A. Thomas and
S.Mueller (2000)
L. Dana (1999)
-Entrepreneurship in
international context
-Activities in international
markets
-International aspects of
business activities
-Comparative analysis of
enterprises
Source: developed by the author according to [2; 3; 4; 5]
Global entrepreneurship is formalized in the activities of small and medium enterprises. Some scientists still use the terms “small enterprise” and “small business” as interchangeable. That causes different interpretations. Small business researchers tend to explore the process of business, as a rule,
and entrepreneurship investigation specialists, focus more on innovation (for example, a startup setting up). European scientists are generally more interested in the meanings of the concepts of “small
business” and “global company”. At the same time American researchers are more interested in investigating the process of “global entrepreneurship” itself. In general, small business researchers focus
their attention on the company as the object of analysis and support policies for small business.
Therefore, key aspects of management practices within the great company (marketing, e-commerce,
human resources management, etc.) or conditions that could affect small firms (public policy, funding,
etc.) are investigated in those works.
While entrepreneurship investigations mainly ignore the issue of entrepreneurship in international
business, the research of international business and organizational behavior is focused only on the
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nature of multinational corporations. The lack of integration between those areas is a barrier for better
understanding of the nature and the processes of global entrepreneurship. I. Moon emphasizes that
“… entrepreneurship is very important in international business. There are new international ventures,
which try to gain significant competitive advantages from using resources and selling goods in different countries since the moment of their establishment in different countries” [6].
Table 2
The phenomenon of global entrepreneurship in modern studies of international business
Subjects The main works Analytical focus Relation to global enterprise
“Entrepreneurial
decision in OLS”
M. Casson (1982) – An entrepreneur as a specialist while taking critical decisions
– International business activity
as a result of business solutions
and information asymmetry
– The role of entrepreneurial
qualities when running risks and
when international business is
uncertain
“Corporate
entrepreneurshi
p”
J. Birkinshaw
(1997)
– deconcentration of corporate
entrepreneurship
– Corporate entrepreneurship
concentrating
– OLS initiative encouraging
corporate entrepreneurship
– The role of resources in establishing affiliated branches
initiatives
– Entrepreneurial activity at
the level of affiliated branches
– The role of domestic entrepreneurs in OLS branches
– The role of resources at the
enterprise
“OLS impact for
national entrepreneurship
M. DiConti (1992)
J. Brown (1993)
– Superseding the national enterprises by foreign OLS
– Potential separating from
OLS for stimulating domestic
enterprise
– The role of the institutional
environment of the host country
when making OLS impact on
national enterprise
– The role of OLS affiliated
branches to develop entrepreneurship in the host country
Source: developed by the author according to [6; 7; 8; 9]
A number of studies in the sphere of international business has significantly grown for the past forty
years. At the same time entrepreneurship activity in multinational corporations is not paid enough attention yet. To consider global entrepreneurship the most promising are the following areas of study:
entrepreneurial solutions in multinational corporations, corporate entrepreneurship, influence of multinational corporations on the national entrepreneurship.
Conclusions. The process of global entrepreneurship requires not only organizational and economic, social and labour estimation, measurement and interpretation, but also social, cultural and
philosophic. Further scientific explanations of the phenomenon should be grounded on the synthesis
of scientific researches of entrepreneurship and international business, that provides the interosculation and mutual enrichment of methodological principles. Such approach will promote a holistic, systematic view over the problems and contradictions of global entrepreneurship development.
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Received for publication 15.05.2017
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